An Electric Arc Furnace is a furnace that heats charged material by means of an electric ARC. This is used for steel making consists of refractory – lined vessel, usually water cooled in larger sizes, covered with a retractable roof and through which one or more graphite electrodes enter the furnace.

The furnace is split into three sections:

• The shell
• The hearth
• The roof

The basic advantage of EAF over melting sources is to produce quality steel as per required chemistry & quality specially Sulphur and Phosphorus is reduced to a desirable unit. EAF can be operated in an energy efficient manner with the help of oxygen lancing in the process. The flat bath of liquid metal in EAF ensures uniform temperature and homogeneity.